Nuclear Energy (Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Double Science)

• The nucleus of the atom contains a huge amount of energy – roughly one million times greater than the amount of energy involved in chemical reactions
• As a result, nuclear reactions have the potential to produce large amounts of energy (as seen in nuclear bombs)
• If harnessed in a safe way, nuclear energy could reduce or replace our dependency on fossil fuels, reducing pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases
• This energy can be released nuclear reactions such as:
  • Fusion
  • Fission
  • Radioactive decay

• Fusion is when:

Two small nuclei join together to produce a larger nucleus

• Nuclear fusion does not happen on Earth naturally, but it does in Stars
  • However, fusion reactors can be made artificially

• The fusion of deuterium and tritium (isotopes of hydrogen) fuse to form helium with the release of energy
• The amount of energy released during nuclear fusion is huge:
  • The energy from 1 kg of hydrogen that undergoes fusion is equivalent to the energy from burning about 10 million kilograms of coal

The fusion of deuterium and tritium to form helium with the release of energy

• Fission is when:

One large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei

• The large nucleus that splits is often referred to as the parent nucleus
  • The smaller nuclei that are split from this are referred to as the daughter nuclei

• This is the process behind nuclear power stations

The fission of a nucleus, such as uranium, to produce smaller daughter nuclei with the release of energy