Evidence for Evolution (AQA GCSE Biology: Combined Science)

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Evolution in Bacteria

  • The theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted and many sources of data are now available to support the theory of evolution
  • One very clear piece of evidence for evolution is antibiotic resistance in bacteria
  • An antibiotic is a chemical that can kill or inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria
  • Antibiotics are extremely useful to humans as some bacteria are pathogenic and can cause life-threatening disease
  • Bacteria reproduce, on average, every 20 minutes and therefore evolution occurs in a much shorter time span
  • Like all other organisms, within a population, there will be variation caused by mutations
  • A chance mutation might cause some bacteria to become resistant to an antibiotic (eg penicillin)
  • When the population is treated with this antibiotic, the resistant bacteria do not die
  • This means they can continue to reproduce with less competition from non-resistant bacteria, which are now dead
  • Therefore the genes for antibiotic resistance are passed on with a much greater frequency to the next generation
  • Over time the whole population of bacteria becomes antibiotic-resistant because the bacteria are best suited to their environment

Evidence for Darwin's Theory

  • Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted
  • Evidence for Darwin’s theory is now available as it has been shown that characteristics are passed on to offspring in genes
  • Our understanding of genetics has made clear the mechanism by which natural selection can occur
  • There is further evidence for evolution in the fossil record and our knowledge of how resistance to antibiotics evolves in bacteria

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Lára

Author: Lára

Lára graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has now been a science tutor working in the UK for several years. Lára has a particular interest in the area of infectious disease and epidemiology, and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop confidence and facilitate learning.