• Negative feedback of an op-amp is defined as:

The process of taking some, or all, of its output and adding it to the input and is out of phase with the input

• This is to produce self-stabilising systems
• To make the feedback negative, it is fed to the negative (inverting input) terminal of an op-amp
  • The effect produced a closed-loop circuit results in ‘closed-loop’ gain
• The effects of negative feedback on the gain on an op-amp are:
  • Reduced gain
  • Increased bandwidth or less distortion
  • Increase operating stability
• If some of the output voltage is fed back to the inverting input (V₋) then gain A can be altered to a lower value