5.31 Gravitational Field Strength

• There is a universal force of attraction between all matter with mass
  • This force is known as the ‘force due to gravity’ or the weight
• The Earth’s gravitational field is responsible for the weight of all objects on Earth

The Earth's gravitational field produces an attractive force F, which is equal and opposite to the attractive force produced by the person's gravitational field

• The gravitational field strength g at a point is defined as force F per unit mass m of an object at that point:

• Where:
  • g = gravitational field strength (N kg^–1)
  • F = force due to gravity, or weight (N)
  • m = mass (kg)

• This equation shows that:
  • The larger the mass of an object, the greater its pull on another mass
  • On planets with a large value of g, the gravitational force per unit mass is greater than on planets with a smaller value of g

• An object's mass remains the same at all points in space
  • However, on planets such as Jupiter, the weight of an object will be a lot greater than on a less massive planet, such as Earth
  • This means the gravitational force would be so high that humans, for example, would not be able to fully stand up (or, even worse...)

The weight force on Jupiter would be so large that even standing upright would be difficult

• Factors that affect the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet are:
  • The radius (or diameter) of the planet
  • The mass (or density) of the planet