11 mark
Iron is a metal that rusts.
What conditions are needed for the rusting of iron?
Air and an acid
Air and salt
Air and water
Water and salt
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6.1 Improving Processes & Products
21 mark
Ammonium phosphate is used as a fertiliser.
The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.
Which elements in ammonium phosphate are essential elements for plant growth?
Hydrogen and oxygen
Nitrogen and hydrogen
Nitrogen and phosphorus
Phosphorus and oxygen
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31 mark
The table shows the main stages in the life-cycle assessment of a manufactured product.
| Stage | Process |
| 1 | Manufacturing the product |
| 2 | Obtaining raw materials |
| 3 | Disposing of the product |
| 4 | Using the product |
What is the correct order for the stages?
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 4, 3
2, 1, 4, 3
2, 4, 1, 3
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11 mark
Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide, Al2O3.
Which equation shows the reaction at the anode in this electrolysis?
4OH– – 4e– → O2 + 2H2O
Al 3+ + 3e– → Al
2H+ + 2e– → H2
2O2– – 4e– → O2
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21 mark
Higher Only
The Contact process produces sulfur trioxide, SO3, in an exothermic reaction.
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3
The temperature in the reaction vessel is usually 450 °C.
What happens as the temperature is increased to 600 °C?
Higher rate of reaction and increased yield of sulfur trioxide.
Higher rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.
Higher rate of reaction and no change in yield of sulfur trioxide.
Lower rate of reaction and decreased yield of sulfur trioxide.
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11 mark
Zinc is extracted from zinc oxide by reduction.
Which element acts a reducing agent during this process?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Zinc
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21 mark
Which of the following metals can not be extracted from its ore by reduction?
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Lithium
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31 mark
Some metals are unreactive and exist on their own in the earth.
What are these metals known as?
Transition Metals
Native metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline earth metals
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41 mark
Which is not true about the Haber process for making ammonia?
Platinum is used as a catalyst
The process is carried out at a temperature of about 450 oC
The process takes place at a pressure of about 200 atmospheres
Natural gas is a raw material
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51 mark
What does the graph show about the effect of pressure and temperature on the Haber process?
Less ammonia is produced at higher pressures
The yield of ammonia decreases with increased temperature
The optimum conditions are low pressure and high temperature
At 500 atmospheres and 400 oC the yield of ammonia is 45%
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61 mark
What essential plant nutrients do fertilisers supply?
| A | phosphorus | calcium | nitrogen |
| B | iron | nitrogen | magnesium |
| C | nitrogen | potassium | phosphorus |
| D | potassium | calcium | nitrogen |
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71 mark
Ammonia and sulfuric acid can react in the lab to make ammonium sulfate fertiliser.
What is the formula of the product?
NH3SO4
NH4SO4
(NH4)2SO4
(NH3)2SO4
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81 mark
Coffee cups are usually made from ceramic, glass, paper, plastic or metal.
Some of these materials are recyclable. In a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) where would this information be given?
During the extraction and processing of the raw materials needed to make the cup
Disposing of the cup at the end of its useful life
When the cup is manufactured and packaged
During the use and lifetime of the cup
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91 mark
Which material for making coffee cups would be considered recyclable and biodegradable?
Polymers
Ceramic
Glass
Paper
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101 mark
When comparing the LCA of a plastic bag to a paper bag you can say that
A plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment than a paper bag
A paper bag has a greater impact on the environment than a plastic bag
Both bags are made from finite resources
It is difficult to say whether a paper or plastic bag has a greater impact on the environment
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111 mark
What is true about single use paper plates?
They are heavier to transport than plastic plates
They increase global warming
They can be incinerated to release energy
All the above are true
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121 mark
Brass is an alloy of which metals?
| A | copper | tin |
| B | silver | copper |
| C | copper | zinc |
| D | iron | copper |
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131 mark
Which of these is not a composite material?
Fibre glass
Reinforced concrete
Car window glass
Clay bricks
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141 mark
Brass is an alloy.
What are the main metals in brass?
Aluminium and copper
Copper and iron
Copper and tin
Copper and zinc
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151 mark
Which of the following are three of the essential elements needed by plants?
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
Hydrogen, potassium, phosphorus
Nitrogen, oxygen, potassium
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
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161 mark
The Haber process is used to make ammonia, NH3.
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
What is the raw material for the nitrogen?
Air
Hydrochloric acid
Natural gas
Seawater
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171 mark
Look at the information about four different polymers.
| Polymer | Cost (£ per kg) |
Tensile strength (MPa) |
Melting point (°C) |
Maximum useable temperature (°C) |
| A | 0.74 | 15 | 120 | 85 |
| B | 1.20 | 78 | 254 | 70 |
| C | 0.92 | 35 | 176 | 160 |
| D | 1.42 | 42 | 156 | 160 |
Which polymer would be best for making a plastic cup to hold hot drinks?
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181 mark
The table shows some information about four alloys.
| Alloy | Main metals | Typical Uses | |
| A | brass | copper and tin | musical instruments |
| B | bronze | copper and zinc | bells |
| C | duralumin | aluminium and copper | aircraft parts |
| D | solder | iron and tin | bridges |
Which row of the table gives correct information about an alloy?
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191 mark
Look at the information about four different polymers.
| Polymer | Cost (£ per kg) |
Tensile strength (MPa) |
Melting point (°C) |
Maximum useable temperature (°C) |
| A | 0.74 | 15 | 120 | 85 |
| B | 1.20 | 78 | 254 | 70 |
| C | 0.92 | 35 | 176 | 160 |
| D | 1.42 | 42 | 156 | 160 |
Which polymer would be best for making a plastic washing up bowl?
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201 mark
Higher Only
Phytoextraction is one way to extract copper from low-grade ores.
The table shows the main stages involved in phytoextraction.
| Stage | Process |
| 1 | Copper ions accumulate in the roots, shoots and leaves of plants. |
| 2 | Copper is extracted from ash with a high concentration of copper compounds. |
| 3 | Plants absorb dissolved copper ions through their roots. |
| 4 | A crop is planted in soil containing low-grade copper ore. |
| 5 | Plants are harvested and burned. |
What is the correct order for the stages?
1, 3, 4, 5, 2
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
4, 3, 1, 5, 2
1, 4, 3, 5, 2
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211 mark
Higher Only
Which one of the following is an advantage of phytoextraction?
A high concentration of a metal can be obtained from a low grade ore.
Bacteria are used to dissolve metals instead of chemical solutions.
Better crops of plants are harvested.
Phytoextraction is a quick process and is not affected by poor weather.
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