1 markWhich of the following statements is not true for homeostasis?
Homeostasis is regulated by the cerebrum of the brain.
Homeostasis requires input from the endocrine system and the nervous system.
Blood glucose levels, body temperature and the menstrual cycle are all regulated through homeostasis.
Negative feedback loops are a key mechanism of many homeostatic systems.
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1 markWhat changes occur in the skin when a person becomes very cold?
| Hair effector muscles | Effect | Blood vessels | Effect | |
| A | Contract | Air trapped against skin | Constrict | Less heat loss by radiation |
| B | Contract | Less air trapped against skin | Dilate | More heat loss by radiation |
| C | Relax | Air trapped against skin | Dilate | Less heat loss by radiation |
| D | Relax | Less air trapped against skin | Constrict | More heat loss by radiation |
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1 markWhich row correctly outlines the cause of, and treatment for, Type 1 diabetes?
| Cause | Treatment | |
| A | Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin | Insulin injection |
| B | Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin | Controlling diet and regular exercise |
| C | Reduced sensitivity of cells to insulin | Controlling diet and regular exercise |
| D | Inability of the liver to produce insulin | Insulin injection |
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1 markThe table shows the results of an investigation into osmosis in animal cells.
Five eggs were deshelled in acid before being placed into five different concentrations of salt solution. The mass of each egg was taken before being placed into the solution and again after 1 hour.
| Concentration of salt solution (mol / dm-3) | Mass of egg without shell (g) | Mass of egg after 1 hour in solution (g) |
| 0.0 | 74.5 | 79.2 |
| 0.2 | 73.0 | 75.8 |
| 0.4 | 74.2 | 74.3 |
| 0.6 | 73.6 | 72.0 |
| 0.8 | 75.8 | 71.5 |
Which salt solution was closest to the salt concentration of the egg?
0.0 mol/dm3
0.2 mol/dm3
0.4 mol/dm3
0.6 mol/dm3
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1 markWhich statement is true in relation to kidney function?
In the kidney tubule, water is reabsorbed from the loop of Henle only.
Glucose, water and proteins are filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.
All of the glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood in the first convoluted tubule.
On a hot day, urine will be less concentrated.
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1 markThe following sentence describes the how ADH is involved in excretion.
ADH is produced in the ___(I)___ travels in the ___(II)___ and causes ___(III)___ in permeability of the ___(IV)___
Which words should be used to complete the sentence?
| I | II | III | IV | |
| A | Hypothalamus | Blood | An increase | Loop of Henle |
| B | Pituitary gland | Blood | An increase | Collecting duct |
| C | Pituitary gland | Blood | A decrease | Loop of Henle |
| D | Kidneys | Kidney tubule | An increase | Collecting duct |
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1 markWhich response reduces heat transfer from the skin?
Shivering
Sweating
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
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1 markHow will an increase in ADH levels affect urine?
Higher concentration of urea
Higher volume
Lower concentration of sodium chloride
More dilute
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1 markThe graph shows blood glucose levels after eating a meal.
Which point A, B, C or D on the graph would the insulin level in the blood be at its highest level?
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1 markWhich of these can be used to treat type 2 diabetes but not type 1?
Diet and exercise
Exercise only
Insulin and diet
Insulin, diet and exercise
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1 markMany human diseases are caused by risk factors.
Food and drink can be major risk factors.
Which disease does not have food or drink as a major risk factor?
Type 1 diabetes
Cirrhosis of the liver
Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
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1 markThe diagram shows part of a kidney tubule (nephron).
Which structure is the proximal convoluted tubule?
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1 markShort-term starvation affects the levels of blood glucose, liver glycogen and the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Which line on the graph represents the level of glucagon in the blood during short-term starvation?
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1 markUrine produced after vigorous exercise is often much darker in colour than urine produced when at rest.
Which reason explains why urine becomes darker in colour?
Increased sweating and decreased urea production.
Decreased ADH production and increased urea production.
Increased sweating and increased ADH production.
Increased ADH production and decreased urea production.
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1 markThe diagrams show changes in the skin as a person moves from cold to warm conditions.
Which processes happen in the skin as a result of the change from cold to warm conditions?
Blood vessels widen and sweat is released.
Blood vessels narrow and sweat is released.
Blood vessels widen and sweat production stops.
Blood vessels narrow and sweat production stops.
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1 markThe graph shows changes to body temperature during temperature regulation.
Which letter on the graph shows when shivering is occurring?
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