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DP IB Maths: AA SL

Revision Notes

Home / IB / Maths: AA SL / DP / Revision Notes / 2. Functions / 2.2 Quadratic Functions & Graphs / 2.2.3 Solving Quadratics


2.2.3 Solving Quadratics


Solving Quadratics Equations

How do I decide the best method to solve a quadratic equation?

  • A quadratic equation is of the form a x squared plus b x plus c equals 0
  • If it is a calculator paper then use your GDC to solve the quadratic
  • If it is a non-calculator paper then...
    • you can always use the quadratic formula
    • you can factorise if it can be factorised with integers
    • you can always complete the square

How do I solve a quadratic equation by the quadratic formula?

  • If necessary rewrite in the form a x squared plus b x plus c equals 0
  • Clearly identify the values of a, b & c
  • Substitute the values into the formula
    • x equals fraction numerator negative b plus-or-minus square root of b squared minus 4 a c end root over denominator 2 a end fraction 
      • This is given in the formula booklet
  • Simplify the solutions as much as possible

How do I solve a quadratic equation by factorising?

  • Factorise to rewrite the quadratic equation in the form a left parenthesis x minus p right parenthesis left parenthesis x minus q right parenthesis equals 0
  • Set each factor to zero and solve
    • x minus p equals 0 rightwards double arrow x equals p
    • x minus q equals 0 rightwards double arrow x equals q

How do I solve a quadratic equation by completing the square?

  • Complete the square to rewrite the quadratic equation in the form a open parentheses x minus h close parentheses squared plus k equals 0
  • Get the squared term by itself
    • open parentheses x minus h close parentheses squared equals negative k over a
  • If open parentheses negative k over a close parentheses is negative then there will be no solutions
  • If open parentheses negative k over a close parentheses is positive then there will be two values for x minus h
    • x minus h equals plus-or-minus square root of negative k over a end root
  • Solve for x
    • x equals h plus-or-minus square root of negative k over a end root

Exam Tip

  • When using the quadratic formula with awkward values or fractions you may find it easier to deal with the " b squared minus 4 a c " (discriminant) first
    • This can help avoid numerical and negative errors, improving accuracy

Worked Example

Solve the equations:

a)
4 x squared plus 4 x minus 15 equals 0.

2-2-3-ib-aa-sl-quadratic-equations-a-we-solution

b)
3 x squared plus 12 x minus 5 equals 0.

2-2-3-ib-aa-sl-quadratic-equations-b-we-solution

c)
7 minus 3 x minus 5 x squared equals 0.

2-2-3-ib-aa-sl-quadratic-equations-c-we-solution



  • 1. Number & Algebra
    • 1.1 Number Toolkit
      • 1.1.1 Standard Form
        • 1.1.2 Laws of Indices
        • 1.2 Exponentials & Logs
          • 1.2.1 Introduction to Logarithms
            • 1.2.2 Laws of Logarithms
              • 1.2.3 Solving Exponential Equations
              • 1.3 Sequences & Series
                • 1.3.1 Language of Sequences & Series
                  • 1.3.2 Arithmetic Sequences & Series
                    • 1.3.3 Geometric Sequences & Series
                      • 1.3.4 Applications of Sequences & Series
                        • 1.3.5 Compound Interest & Depreciation
                        • 1.4 Proof & Reasoning
                          • 1.4.1 Proof
                          • 1.5 Binomial Theorem
                            • 1.5.1 Binomial Theorem
                          • 2. Functions
                            • 2.1 Linear Functions & Graphs
                              • 2.1.1 Equations of a Straight Line
                              • 2.2 Quadratic Functions & Graphs
                                • 2.2.1 Quadratic Functions
                                  • 2.2.2 Factorising & Completing the Square
                                    • 2.2.3 Solving Quadratics
                                      • 2.2.4 Quadratic Inequalities
                                        • 2.2.5 Discriminants
                                        • 2.3 Functions Toolkit
                                          • 2.3.1 Language of Functions
                                            • 2.3.2 Composite & Inverse Functions
                                              • 2.3.3 Graphing Functions
                                              • 2.4 Further Functions & Graphs
                                                • 2.4.1 Reciprocal & Rational Functions
                                                  • 2.4.2 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
                                                    • 2.4.3 Solving Equations
                                                      • 2.4.4 Modelling with Functions
                                                      • 2.5 Transformations of Graphs
                                                        • 2.5.1 Translations of Graphs
                                                          • 2.5.2 Reflections of Graphs
                                                            • 2.5.3 Stretches of Graphs
                                                              • 2.5.4 Composite Transformations of Graphs
                                                            • 3. Geometry & Trigonometry
                                                              • 3.1 Geometry Toolkit
                                                                • 3.1.1 Coordinate Geometry
                                                                  • 3.1.2 Radian Measure
                                                                    • 3.1.3 Arcs & Sectors
                                                                    • 3.2 Geometry of 3D Shapes
                                                                      • 3.2.1 3D Coordinate Geometry
                                                                        • 3.2.2 Volume & Surface Area
                                                                        • 3.3 Trigonometry
                                                                          • 3.3.1 Pythagoras & Right-Angled Triganometry
                                                                            • 3.3.2 Non Right-Angled Trigonometry
                                                                              • 3.3.3 Applications of Trigonometry & Pythagoras
                                                                              • 3.4 Further Trigonometry
                                                                                • 3.4.1 The Unit Circle
                                                                                  • 3.4.2 Exact Values
                                                                                  • 3.5 Trigonometric Functions & Graphs
                                                                                    • 3.5.1 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
                                                                                      • 3.5.2 Transformations of Trigonometric Functions
                                                                                        • 3.5.3 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions
                                                                                        • 3.6 Trigonometric Equations & Identities
                                                                                          • 3.6.1 Simple Identities
                                                                                            • 3.6.2 Double Angle Formulae
                                                                                              • 3.6.3 Relationship Between Trigonometric Ratios
                                                                                                • 3.6.4 Linear Trigonometric Equations
                                                                                                  • 3.6.5 Quadratic Trigonometric Equations
                                                                                                • 4. Statistics & Probability
                                                                                                  • 4.1 Statistics Toolkit
                                                                                                    • 4.1.1 Sampling & Data Collection
                                                                                                      • 4.1.2 Statistical Measures
                                                                                                        • 4.1.3 Frequency Tables
                                                                                                          • 4.1.4 Linear Tranformations of Data
                                                                                                            • 4.1.5 Outliers
                                                                                                              • 4.1.6 Univariate Data
                                                                                                                • 4.1.7 Interpreting Data
                                                                                                                • 4.2 Correlation & Regression
                                                                                                                  • 4.2.1 Bivariate Data
                                                                                                                    • 4.2.2 Correlation & Regression
                                                                                                                    • 4.3 Probability
                                                                                                                      • 4.3.1 Probability & Types of Events
                                                                                                                        • 4.3.2 Conditional Probability
                                                                                                                          • 4.3.3 Sample Space Diagrams
                                                                                                                          • 4.4 Probability Distributions
                                                                                                                            • 4.4.1 Discrete Probability Distributions
                                                                                                                              • 4.4.2 Expected Values
                                                                                                                              • 4.5 Binomial Distribution
                                                                                                                                • 4.5.1 The Binomial Distribution
                                                                                                                                  • 4.5.2 Calculating Binomial Probabilities
                                                                                                                                  • 4.6 Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                    • 4.6.1 The Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                      • 4.6.2 Calculations with Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                        • 4.6.3 Standardisation of Normal Variables
                                                                                                                                      • 5. Calculus
                                                                                                                                        • 5.1 Differentiation
                                                                                                                                          • 5.1.1 Introduction to Differentiation
                                                                                                                                            • 5.1.2 Applications of Differentiation
                                                                                                                                            • 5.2 Further Differentiation
                                                                                                                                              • 5.2.1 Differentiating Special Functions
                                                                                                                                                • 5.2.2 Techniques of Differentiation
                                                                                                                                                  • 5.2.3 Second Order Derivatives
                                                                                                                                                    • 5.2.4 Further Applications of Differentiation
                                                                                                                                                      • 5.2.5 Concavity & Points of Inflection
                                                                                                                                                        • 5.2.6 Derivatives & Graphs
                                                                                                                                                        • 5.3 Integration
                                                                                                                                                          • 5.3.1 Introduction to Integration
                                                                                                                                                            • 5.3.2 Applications of Integration
                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4 Further Integration
                                                                                                                                                              • 5.4.1 Integrating Special Functions
                                                                                                                                                                • 5.4.2 Techniques of Integration
                                                                                                                                                                  • 5.4.3 Definite Integrals
                                                                                                                                                                    • 5.4.4 Further Applications of Integration
                                                                                                                                                                    • 5.5 Optimisation
                                                                                                                                                                      • 5.5.1 Modelling with Differentiation
                                                                                                                                                                      • 5.6 Kinematics
                                                                                                                                                                        • 5.6.1 Kinematics Toolkit
                                                                                                                                                                          • 5.6.2 Calculus for Kinematics


                                                                                                                                                                          DOWNLOAD PDF

                                                                                                                                                                        Author: Daniel

                                                                                                                                                                        Dan graduated from the University of Oxford with a First class degree in mathematics. As well as teaching maths for over 8 years, Dan has marked a range of exams for Edexcel, tutored students and taught A Level Accounting. Dan has a keen interest in statistics and probability and their real-life applications.


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