DP IB Chemistry: HL

Topic Questions

Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2014

Last exams 2024

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8.3 Acid Deposition

11 mark

Which gas is present in the largest proportion in the exhaust fumes of a car engine?

  • carbon monoxide 

  • carbon dioxide

  • water vapour 

  • nitrogen

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21 mark

Oxides of nitrogen are released into the atmosphere in car engine exhaust fumes.

Which environmental problem below is not made worse by these exhaust fumes?

  • photochemical smog

  • the hole in the ozone layer 

  • the corrosion of buildings

  • acidification of lakes

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31 mark

Which of the following is true?

  • Acid rain is caused by carbonic acid

  • Acid rain turns universal indicator red

  • Wet acid deposition includes snow and fog

  • Catalytic converters remove oxides of sulfur from car exhausts

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41 mark

What is the colour of universal indicator paper in rain water?

  • Red

  • Blue

  • Yellow

  • Green

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51 mark

A sample of acid rain water is tested and found to be pH 4. How does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to pure water? 

  • 1000 times more concentrated

  • 3 times more concentrated

  • 1000 times less concentrated

  • 3 times less concentrated

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61 mark

What happens to the oxidation state of sulfur when it becomes sulfuric acid in acid rain?

  • It changes from 0 to -2

  • It changes from 0 to +4

  • It changes from 0 to +6

  • It changes from -2 to +6

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71 mark

One equation for the formation of acid rain from nitrogen dioxide is shown below.

2NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → HNO2 (aq) + HNO3 (aq)

What type of reaction is this?

  • Oxidation

  • Reduction

  • Redox

  • Acid-base

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81 mark

Which of the following are used in catalytic converters?

  1. Ceramic
  2. Palladium
  3. Platinum
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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91 mark

A sample of rainwater is tested and found to be pH 6. Which of the following is not true?

  • The sample is acidic

  • The rainwater is acid rain

  • Blue litmus would turn red in the sample

  • The rain water is impure

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101 mark

Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:

Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  →   FeSO4 (s)

Which is true?

  1. Iron is oxidised
  2. Sulfur is oxidised
  3. This is a neutralisation reaction
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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11 mark

Acid rain can be up to 50 times more acidic than normal rain, which has a pH around 5.5. What is the approximate concentration of H+ in acid rain?

  • 2.50 size 16px cross times10-3 mol dm-3 

  • 2.50 size 16px cross times 10-4 mol dm-3 

  • 2.50 size 16px cross times 10-5 mol dm-3 

  • 50.0 begin mathsize 16px style cross times end style 10-4 mol dm-3 

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21 mark

Natural gas contains on average 5.5 mg / m3 of sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide, H2S (Mr = 34). If a typical household in the UK consumes 0.198 m3 of gas per day, what is the average annual emission of sulfur in g per household?

  • 5.5 space cross times space 0.198 space cross times space 365

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 5.5 blank cross times blank 0.198 blank cross times blank 365 blank cross times blank 34 over denominator 1000 blank cross times blank 32 end fraction end style

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 5.5 blank cross times blank 0.198 blank cross times blank 365 over denominator 1000 end fraction end style

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 5.5 blank cross times blank 0.198 blank cross times blank 365 blank cross times blank 32 over denominator 1000 blank cross times blank 34 end fraction end style

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31 mark

Nitrous acid is produced when nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to produce acid rain. What is the correct Lewis structure for nitrous acid?

q3-8-3-mcq-hard-ib-chemistry-sl

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41 mark

Hydroxyl free radicals are thought to be involved in complex reactions converting sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in the atmosphere.

OH•  + SO2 →    •HOSO2

•HOSO2 + O2 → •HO2 + SO3  

Which is true?

  • OH• is catalytic

  • •HOSO2 contains 24 electrons

  • Both reactions are redox

  • The first reaction is exothermic

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51 mark

Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:

Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  →   FeSO4 (s)

Given that,

ΔHf Ө   (SO2) = -297 kJ mol-1

ΔHfӨ    (FeSO4)= -929 kJ mol-1

What is the enthalpy change for this reaction?

  • -297 - 929

  • 297 + 929

  • -297 + 929

  • 297 - 929

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61 mark

Acid deposition results in leaching of aluminium ions from the soil. Which are true?

  1. Al3+ ions damage plants roots
  2. Al3+ ions damage fish gills
  3. Al3+ ions affect human health
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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71 mark

The equilibrium constants for the dissociation of nitrous and sulphurous acid found in acid rain are as follows:

HNO2 (aq) ⇌  H+ (aq) + NO2- (aq)     Kc1 =  7.2  10-4 mol dm-3

H2SO3 (aq) ⇌  H+ (aq) + HSO3- (aq)    Kc2 = 1.3  10-2 mol dm-3

Which is true?

 

Stronger acid

Effect on Kc of mixing the same volume and concentration the acids

A

Nitrous

No effect

B

Sulfurous

No effect

C

Nitrous

Kc2 decreases

D

Sulfurous

Kc1 decreases

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81 mark

How many different types of ions can be found in acid rain, assuming it contains a mixture of sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric and nitrous acids?

  • 4

  • 5

  • 6

  • 7

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91 mark

Historic buildings and statues have frequently suffered chemical corrosion from acid rain. Which building materials would be unaffected by this?

  • Marble

  • Limestone

  • Granite

  • Lime Mortar

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101 mark

Which is true about the hydrogensulfate ion, HSO4-, found in acid rain?

  1. It is amphiprotic
  2. It is amphoteric
  3. Sulfur is in its highest oxidation state
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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11 mark

The pH of clean rain water is around 5.5. Which substance is responsible for this?

  • Methane

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Nitrogen oxides

  • Sulfur dioxide

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21 mark

Which statement is not true about the increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide?

CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌  H+ (aq) + HCO3- (aq)

HCO3- (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CO32- (aq)

  • The concentration of HCO3- increases in water bodies

  • The concentration of H+ increases in water bodies

  • The pH of lakes and oceans falls as the CO2 levels increase

  • The increasing concentration of CO32- enables marine organisms to build thicker shells

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31 mark

What is a major acid responsible for acid rain and originates from car engines?

  • H2SO4

  • HNO3

  • SO2

  • NO2

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41 mark

What are three consequences of acid rain?

  1. Corrosion of marble statues
  2. Ozone depletion
  3. Leaching of Al3+
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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51 mark

Some coal contains as much as 3% sulfur. How much sulfur dioxide (M = 64.07 g mol-1) is produced by burning a lump of coal of mass 125 g?  (Ar S = 32.07)

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 32.07 blank cross times blank 100 blank cross times blank 64.07 over denominator 125 blank cross times blank 3 blank end fraction end style

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 125 blank cross times blank 3 blank cross times blank 64.07 over denominator 100 blank cross times blank 32.07 blank end fraction end style

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 125 blank cross times blank 64.07 over denominator blank 32.07 blank end fraction end style

  • begin mathsize 16px style fraction numerator 125 blank cross times blank 3 blank cross times blank 32.07 over denominator 100 blank cross times blank 64.07 blank end fraction end style

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61 mark

Which are true about the effect of acid deposition on plants?

  1. Essential minerals are lost
  2. Toxic minerals can be absorbed from the soil
  3. Respiration and photosynthesis are reduced
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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71 mark

Which are true about the effect of acid deposition on human health?

  1. Acid rain can burn the skin
  2. Acid particulates can trigger asthmatic attacks
  3. Toxic metal ions can be ingested
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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81 mark

The conversion of toxic emissions into harmless products takes place in catalytic converters as follows:

_CO (g) + _NO (g) → _CO2 (aq) + _N2 (g)

The sum of the coefficients is

  • 4

  • 5

  • 6

  • 7

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91 mark

Which can be used to reduce NOx emissions ?

  1. Catalytic converters in cars
  2. Lower temperature of combustion
  3. Blended gasoline-alcohol fuel
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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101 mark

Iron structures can be damaged by dry deposition such as the equation below:

Fe (s) + SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  →   FeSO4 (s)

Which is true?

  1. Iron is a reducing agent
  2. Sulfur is a reducing agent
  3. The enthalpy change is ΔHf
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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