DP IB Chemistry: HL

Topic Questions

Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2014

Last exams 2024

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8.1 Theories & Reactions of Acids & Bases

11 mark

Using your knowledge of the Brønsted-Lowry theory, which of the following correctly describes ammonia?

  • neutral

  • acid

  • base

  • amphoteric

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21 mark

In the Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases, the difference between a conjugate acid and its conjugate base is the presence of which of the following?

  • a positive charge

  • a pair of electrons

  • a proton

  • a hydrogen atom

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31 mark

Which of the following ions or compounds is amphiprotic?

  • P4O10

  • PO43−

  • HCO3

  • Al2O3

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41 mark

In the following reaction, identify which two species are acting as Brønsted–Lowry acids

H3PO4 (aq) + OH (aq)  ⇋ H2PO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

  • H2PO4 (aq) and OH (aq)

  • H3PO4 (aq) and H2PO4 (aq)

  • H2PO4 (aq) and H2O (l)

  • H3PO4 (aq) and H2O (l)

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51 mark

Potassium hydrogen carbonate reacts vigorously with dilute sulfuric acid. Identify the correct formulas of the substances produced in the reaction

  • K2SO4 + H2O + CO2

  • K2SO4 + CO2

  • KSO4 + H2O + CO2

  • KSO4 + H2CO3

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61 mark

Copper(II) sulfate can be made by the reaction between dilute sulfuric acid and which of the following?

  1. Cu
  2. CuO
  3. CuCO3
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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71 mark

Which statement is correct for the following equation?

HSO4- (aq) + OH- (aq) ⇌ SO4- (aq) + H2O (l)

  • OH- and H2O are an acid and conjugate base pair

  • SO4- is acting as Brønsted–Lowry acid

  • HSO4- and SO4- are a base and conjugate acid pair

  • OH- and H2O are a base and conjugate acid pair

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81 mark

Which row shows the correct acid and base needed to make the salt specified? 

 

Acid

Base

Salt

A

NaHCO3

SO2

Na2SO4

B

HNO3

SO3

(NH4)2SO4

C

H2SO4

ZnO

ZnSO3

D

H2SO4

NH4OH

(NH4)2SO4

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91 mark

Which is a conjugate acid-base pair?

HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)  ⇌ CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

  • HCO3- / H3O+

  • HCO3- / CO32- 

  • H2O / CO32- 

  • HCO3- / H2O

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101 mark

Which coefficients balance the following acid-base equation?

Al(OH)3 (s) + HNO3 (aq)  ⇌ Al(NO3)3 (aq) + H2O (l)

A

3

1

3

1

B

2

2

1

3

C

1

3

1

3

D

1

2

1

2

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11 mark

Some species may be classified as amphiprotic, some as amphoteric and some as both. Which of the following applies to HPO42−?

  • Amphiprotic but not amphoteric

  • Amphoteric but not amphiprotic

  • Amphiprotic and amphoteric

  • Neither amphiprotic nor amphoteric

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21 mark

The aromatic compound phenol, C6H5OH, behaves as a weak acid, due the presence of a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. What is the correct formula of the conjugate base formed when phenol dissociates?

  • C6H4--OH 

  • C6H5-OH2+

  • C6H5-O-

  • C6H6+-OH 

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31 mark

What is the sum of the coefficients when the following acid-base equation is balanced?

_Al2(CO3)3 (s) + _HNO3 (aq)  ⇌ _Al(NO3)3 (aq) + _H2O (l) +  _CO2 (g)

  • 6

  • 7

  • 14

  • 15

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41 mark

Which of the following substances can be used to prepare magnesium sulfate by a neutralization reaction with dilute sulfuric acid?

  1. Mg
  2. MgO
  3. MgCO3
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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51 mark

Phosphoric acid is a polyprotic acid and can produce amphiprotic species when it dissociates. Which of the following species is amphiprotic?

  1. HPO42−
  2. H2PO4
  3. PO43−
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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61 mark

Use the following reactions to answer the question below:

H2O (l) + F- (aq) ⇌ HF (aq) + OH- (aq)

H2O (l) + HNO3 (aq) → H3O+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

H2O (l) + CO2 (g) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq)

H2O (aq) +  NH3 (aq) ⇌ NH4OH (aq) 

Which of the following statements is true?

  • HNO3 and H2O both act as acids once

  • H2O is shown acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid only

  • H2O reacts as an acid twice

  • H2O is shown as a diprotic acid

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71 mark

Which species are Bronsted-Lowry acids in the reaction shown?

H2PO4(aq) + CN- (aq) ⇌  HCN (aq)  + HPO42− (aq)

  • HCN and H2PO4

  • HCN and CN-

  • H2PO4and HPO42−

  • HCN and HPO42−

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81 mark

Which of the following solutions will react with a strip magnesium ribbon?

  • Sodium hydrogencarbonate

  • Sodium hydrogensulfate

  • Ammonia

  • Limewater

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91 mark

Which substance reacts with ammonia but is not a Brønsted–Lowry acid?

  • HCl

  • CH3COOH

  • BF3

  • CF3COOH

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101 mark

Which row shows the correct systematic name of the acid?

 

Formula

Name

A

HClO3

chloric(V) acid

B

H2SO3

hydrogensulfate(VI) acid

C

H3PO3

phosphoric(V) acid

D

HNO2

nitrous acid

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11 mark

The typical reactions of dilute acids include them being able to react with

  1. NaHCO3
  2. Mg
  3. Cu
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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21 mark

The following reaction occurs between concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.

H2SO4 + HNO3 ⇋  H2NO3+ + HSO4-

Identify the two species which are acting as Brønsted–Lowry bases.

  • H2NO3+ and HSO4-

  • HNO3 and H2NO3+

  • H2SO4 and HSO4- 

  • HNO3 and HSO4-

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31 mark

What role does each species play in the equilibrium below according to Brønsted-Lowry theory?

CH3COOH + HCl  ⇌ CH3COOH2+ + Cl-

 

CH3COOH

HCl

CH3COOH2+

Cl-

A

acid

base

base

acid

B

acid

base

acid

base

C

base

acid

base

acid

D

base

acid

acid

base

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41 mark

Perbromic acid, HBrO4 , is an example of a strong acid when dissolved in water. What is true about perbromic acid?

  • HBrO4 is largely found as molecules in the solution

  • HBrO4 solution reacts only with strong bases

  • HBrO4 is fully dissociated in solution

  • HBrO4 has a pH greater than 7

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51 mark

Potassium hydrogenphosphate has the formula K2HPO4 . What is the conjugate base of this compound?

  • H2PO4-

  • KHPO42-

  • PO43-

  • KH2PO4

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61 mark

For the equilibrium equation shown, which species are Brønsted-Lowry acids?

H3NSO3 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ HNSO32- (aq) + 2NH4+ (aq)

  • NH4+ and NH3

  • NH4+ and HNSO32-

  • H3NSO3 and HNSO32-

  • H3NSO3 and NH4+

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71 mark

Which would be formed when calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid ?

  • Calcium chloride and carbon dioxide

  • Calcium chloride, hydrogen gas and water

  • Calcium, hydrogen gas and water

  • Calcium chloride and water

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81 mark

 What is the sum of the coefficients when the following acid-base equation is balanced?

_HNO3 (aq) + _Mg(HCO3)2 (s) →  _Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + _H2O (l) + _CO2  (g)

  • 5

  • 6

  • 7

  • 8

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91 mark

Which oxides react with calcium oxide?

  1. SO2
  2. NO2
  3. K2O
  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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101 mark

Which row correctly describes the reaction specified?

 

Reaction

Energy change

A

metal displacement

endothermic

B

neutralisation

exothermic

C

combustion

endothermic

D

melting ice

exothermic

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