CIE AS Biology

Topic Questions

ASBiologyCIETopic Questions1. Cell Structure1.2 Cells as the Basic Units of Living Organisms

Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2020

Last exams 2024

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1.2 Cells as the Basic Units of Living Organisms

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11 mark

The diagram shows a type of prokaryotic cell, a bacterium.

qn1

Which three structures are found in both an animal cell and this bacterium cell?

  • cell membrane, cell wall and DNA

  • cell membrane, DNA and ribosome

  • capsule, DNA and ribosome

  • capsule, cell membrane and cell wall

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21 mark

Which of the following structures are found in typical eukaryotic cells?

1

circular DNA

2

linear DNA (chromosomes)

3

80S ribosomes

4

70S ribosomes

  • 1 and 3

  • 1 and 4

  • 2 and 3

  • 2 and 4

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31 mark

What is the role of the nucleolus?

  • The synthesis of rRNA.

  • The synthesis of ribosomal proteins.

  • The formation and breakdown of the nuclear envelope.

  • The formation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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41 mark

The diagram shows a cell that secretes enzymes.

 Where are the enzymes made?

qn3

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51 mark

Which feature would identify an organism as a prokaryote? 

1

cell wall

2

circular DNA

3

cell membrane

4

ribosomes

  • 2 and 4

  • 1 and 3

  • 1 only

  • 2 only

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61 mark

The diagram shows drawing of an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

qn6

What is the function of the membrane system labelled Y?

  • protein synthesis

  • protein synthesis and transport

  • lipid synthesis

  • lipid synthesis and transport

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71 mark

What structures are always found in prokaryotic cells?

  • flagella

  • capsules

  • ribosomes

  • pili

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81 mark

Which of the structures below are found in a typical plant cell? 

  centrioles cilia mitochondria vacuole
A X ✓ ✓ X
B X X ✓ ✓
C ✓ ✓ X X
D X X X ✓

Key: ✓ = present, X = absent

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91 mark

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • enzyme synthesis

  • protein synthesis

  • steroid synthesis

  • antibody synthesis

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101 mark

Which structure is found in all eukaryotic cells, but is not found in prokaryotic cells?

  • Chromatin

  • cell wall

  • Plasmid

  • 70S ribosome

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11 mark

The table below shows some of the structures found in four different types of cell.

  1 2 3 4
chloroplast
centrioles
cell wall
Golgi apparatus
large vacuole		 ✓
X
✓
✓
✓		 X
X
✓
✓
✓		 X
✓
X
✓
X
 X
X
✓
X
X

 Key: ✓ = present, X = absent

Which option (1, 2, 3 or 4) best matches the cell types below?

  1 2 3 4
A ciliated epithelial cell prokaryotic cell root cortex cell spongy mesophyll cell
B spongy mesophyll cell root cortex cell ciliated epithelial cell prokaryotic cell
C root cortex cell spongy mesophyll cell prokaryotic cell ciliated epithelial cell
D prokaryotic cell ciliated epithelial cell spongy mesophyll cell root cortex cell

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21 mark

Which row correctly describes the function and structure of a cellular structure?

  structure function
A membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened sac organises microtubules to produce the spindle
B non-membrane bound cylindrical structures packages hydrolytic enzymes used in cell
C membrane-bound spherical structure synthesizes polypeptides
D membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity synthesises lipids

 

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31 mark

The diagram shows similarities between chloroplasts, mitochondria and typical prokaryotes.

screenshot-2023-04-29-190645

Which row shows the correct relationship?

  1 2 3 4 5
A mitochondria 70S ribosomes chloroplasts 80S ribosomes prokaryotes
B mitochondria 70S ribosomes chloroplasts 80S ribosomes prokaryotes
C chloroplasts 70S ribosomes prokaryotes 80S ribosomes mitochondria
D chloroplasts 70S ribosomes prokaryotes 70S ribosomes mitochondria

 

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41 mark

A giant bacterium, Epulopiscium fishelsoni was discovered in 1985.

Which cell structure(s) would enable biologists to classify Epulopiscium as prokaryotic?

  • Circular DNA free in the cytoplasm.

  • A pair of centrioles close to the nuclear pore.

  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm.

  • A cellulose cell wall outside the plasma membrane.

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51 mark

A cell which is actively growing is supplied with radioactive amino acids.

 Which cell component will show an increase in radioactivity first?

  • rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • Golgi apparatus

  • mitochondria

  • nucleus

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61 mark

The basic structure of a virus is made up of a protein coat and genetic material.

 What is the name given to the protein coat?

  • Peplomers

  • capsomeres

  • Capsid

  • Virion

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71 mark

The genome of a virus consists of:

  • DNA or RNA

  • DNA

  • RNA

  • DNA and RNA 

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81 mark

The image below is an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

Which one of the options A to D, would be the site of protein modification and packaging?

qn27

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91 mark

The image below is an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

29

Which of the following will be produced in large quantities in the cell?

1

Glucose

2

RNA

3

ATP

  • 1 only

  • 2 and 3

  • 1 and 3

  • 1, 2 and 3

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101 mark

Some mammalian tissue was homogenised and centrifuged. The biochemical activity of four of the fractions was investigated.

qn30

Which diagram shows a tissue with a high synthesis of messenger RNA?

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11 mark

The photomicrograph shows a plant tissue. A student was asked to draw a diagram from this and annotate two observable features.

qn11

Which of the following would be the correct annotations for this diagram?

  • Phloem small cells, xylem empty cells to carry water.

  • Vascular bundles arranged in a regular pattern, xylem large dead cells.

  • Epidermis darkly stained layer of cells, xylem hollow vessels.

  • Epidermis formed of a single layer of cells, xylem strengthened by lignin.

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21 mark

The sentence below describes a process and a cellular structure.

 Cells which have a high rate of ….1…. will have many ….2….. .

  1 2
A facilitated diffusion mitochondria
B DNA replication lysosomes
C exocytosis vesicles
D phospholipid production ribosomes

 

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31 mark

The diagram shows a cell that secretes glycoproteins. The cell is supplied with radioactively labelled sugar, this is detected in the first instance in the cytoplasm.

In which organelle would the radioactively-labelled glucose be detected after that?

qn13

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41 mark

Mucus is produced in the trachea by goblet cells. The following statements describe steps in this process.

1

Fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane.

2

Secretion of a glycoprotein.

3

Separation of a vesicle from the Golgi apparatus.

4

Addition of carbohydrate to protein.

 What is the correct order of these steps?

  • 1 → 4 → 2 → 3

  • 1 → 4 → 3 → 2

  • 4 → 3 → 1 → 2

  • 4 → 3 → 2 → 1

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51 mark

The list below contains structures that are all features of eukaryotic cells.

1

Nucleus

2

endoplasmic reticulum

3

Lysosome

4

Chloroplast

5

mitochondria

 Which of these structures will have a double membrane?

  • 1, 2 & 3

  • 1, 3 & 4

  • 1, 4 & 5

  • 2, 3 & 4

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61 mark

Membrane bound sacs containing the products of metabolism are produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.

Where are these products used?

  • inside lysosomes only

  • outside the cell only

  • inside the cell only

  • inside and outside the cell

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71 mark

Which of the following structures are found in photosynthetic prokaryotes?

1

cellulose wall

2

Mesosomes

3

Ribosomes

4

Chloroplasts

5

cell surface membrane

  • 1, 3 and 4

  • 2, 3 and 5

  • 1, 2, 3 and 4

  • 1, 2, 3 and 5

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81 mark

Which of observations would indicate that the student is observing a eukaryotic cell? 

  cytoplasm includes endoplasmic reticulum
 protein molecules are associated with the DNA ribosomes distributed through the cytoplasm
A X ✓ X
B X X X
C ✓ ✓ ✓
D ✓ X ✓

Key: ✓ = found in eukaryotes, X = not found in eukaryotes

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91 mark

In the diagram is a drawing of an electron micrograph.

qn18

Which structures have a double membrane surrounding them?

  lysosome mitochondria nucleus Golgi apparatus cytoplasm
A ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
B X X X ✓ X
C X ✓ ✓ X X
D ✓ X X X ✓

Key: ✓ = found in eukaryotes, X = not found in eukaryotes

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101 mark

The diagram shows a typical plant cell.

qn20

Which of the cell components A, B, C or D would be present in prokaryotes?

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