AQA A Level Chemistry

Topic Questions

A LevelChemistryAQATopic Questions2. Inorganic Chemistry2.2 Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals

2.2 Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals

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11 mark

The graphs show various properties of the Group 2 elements.

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Which are the correct labels for the y-axes?

 

Graph A

Graph B

A

atomic number

atomic radius

B

melting point

first ionisation energy

C

atomic radius

atomic number

D

first ionisation energy

melting point

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21 mark

Pieces of pure solid magnesium and calcium are burned separately with oxygen.

Pieces of pure solid magnesium and calcium are then reacted separately with cold water.

Which row correctly describes the observations from these reactions?

 

Magnesium with oxygen

Calcium with oxygen

Magnesium with cold water

Calcium with cold water

A

Red flame

White flame

Rapid bubbling

Slow bubbling

B

White flame

Red flame

Slow bubbling

Rapid bubbling

C

White flame

Red flame

Rapid bubbling

Slow bubbling

D

Red flame

White flame

Slow bubbling

Rapid bubbling

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31 mark

Which statements about calcium oxide are correct?

 

Produced when calcium nitrate is heated

Reduced by heating with magnesium

Reacts with cold water

A

✔

 

 

B

✔

✔

 

C

✔

 

✔

D

 

✔

✔

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41 mark

Which descriptions are correct for the solubility of magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide?

 

Magnesium hydroxide

Barium hydroxide

A

Insoluble

Highly soluble

B

Sparingly soluble

Soluble

C

Soluble

Sparingly soluble

D

Highly soluble

Insoluble

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51 mark

Compounds of which Group 2 element are commonly used to neutralise the acidity of soil and remove sulfur dioxide from flue gases?

  • Ba

  • Mg

  • Ca

  • Sr

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61 mark

Which is the correct order for the solubility of the Group 2 sulfates from most soluble to least soluble?

 

most soluble     rightwards arrow     least soluble

A

BaSO4

SrSO4

CaSO4

MgSO4

B

SrSO4

BaSO4

CaSO4

MgSO4

C

MgSO4

SrSO4

CaSO4

BaSO4

D

MgSO4

CaSO4

SrSO4

BaSO4

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71 mark

Which equation shows the correct reaction of magnesium with cold water?

  • Mg (s) + H2O (g) → MgO (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + H2O (l) → MgO (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + H2O (g) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

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81 mark

Which equation shows the correct reduction of titanium (IV) chloride by magnesium?

  • TiCl4 + 2Mg → 2MgCl2 + Ti

  • TiCl2 + Mg → MgCl2 + Ti

  • TiCl4 + 4Mg → 4MgCl + Ti

  • TiCl4 + Mg → 2MgCl2 + Ti

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91 mark

Which is the correct ionic equation for the positive test result of barium chloride with the sulfate ion?

  • BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl 

  • BaCl2 + SO42- → BaSO4 + Cl-

  • Ba2++ SO42- → BaSO4 

  • Ba + 2Cl - → BaCl2 

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101 mark

Which property would you expect the Group 2 metal beryllium to possess?

  • It is a good electrical conductor

  • It does not react with oxygen

  • It forms a covalent compound with fluorine

  • It forms a soluble hydroxide

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11 mark

When equal volumes of saturated solutions of barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are mixed, a white precipitate, Y, forms.

The mixture is filtered, and carbon dioxide is bubbled through the filtrate, producing a second white precipitate, Z.

What are Y and Z?

 

Y

Z

A

Ba(OH)2

Mostly Ca(OH)2

B

Ba(OH)2

Mostly CaCO3

C

Ca(OH)2

Mostly BaCO3

D

Ca(OH)2

Mostly Ba(OH)2

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21 mark

A student performed experiments on chemicals containing an unknown alkaline earth metal, M.

The student’s results and observations are shown.

Test

Observation

The metal hydroxide, M(OH)2, is added to water

The metal hydroxide dissolves forming a colourless solution

The metal sulfate, MSO4, is added to water

The metal sulfate does not dissolve, leaving a white suspension

The freshly cut metal is left open to the air

The metal readily oxidises

What is the identity of the unknown alkaline earth metal, M?

  • Beryllium

  • Barium 

  • Calcium 

  • Magnesium 

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31 mark

The first ionisation energies and reactions with oxygen for magnesium and barium are compared below.

Which set of statements, comparing magnesium and barium, are correct?

 

Mg first ionisation energy

Ba first ionisation energy

Mg reaction with oxygen

Ba reaction with oxygen

A

Lower

Higher

Faster

Slower

B

Lower

Higher

Slower

Faster

C

Higher

Lower

Faster

Slower

D

Higher

Lower

Slower

Faster

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41 mark

A laboratory technician discovered three unlabelled bottles, each containing one pure white solid. The bottles were known to contain different Group 2 metal salts.

Tests were completed on all three unknown solids or, if the compound was soluble, on the aqueous solution. The results are shown in the table.

Test

1

2

3

Added to water

Dissolves

Insoluble

Dissolves

Added to HCl (aq)

Heat released

Solution remains colourless

Carbon dioxide released

Colourless solution forms

Solution remains colourless

Added to NaOH (aq)

No visible change

Solid remains insoluble

Solution forms a white precipitate

Added to H2SO4 (aq)

Solution forms a white precipitate

Carbon dioxide released

White solid remains

No visible change

What are compounds 1, 2 and 3?

 

1

2

3

A

Barium carbonate

Magnesium sulfate

Strontium hydroxide

B

Strontium hydroxide

Barium carbonate

Magnesium sulfate

C

Magnesium sulfate

Strontium hydroxide

Barium carbonate

D

Magnesium sulfate

Barium carbonate

Strontium hydroxide

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51 mark

The salts of Group 2 metals have a variety of real world applications.

Which row contains the correct identities of Group 2 elements and compounds for the applications?

 

Treat acid indigestion

Extracting titanium from TiCl4

Removing SO2 from flue gases

Reducing acidity in soil

A

Calcium carbonate

Calcium

Calcium oxide

Slaked lime

B

Magnesium sulfate

Sodium

Calcium hydroxide

Limestone powder

C

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium

Calcium oxide

Slaked lime

D

Calcium hydroxide

Magnesium

Calcium carbonate

Quicklime

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61 mark

Why does the melting point of the Group 2 metals decrease as you move down the group?

  • The atomic radius increases

  • The attraction between the anions and delocalised electrons decreases

  • The amount of shielding increases

  • The attraction between the cations and delocalised electrons decreases

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71 mark

Which graph correctly shows the melting points of Group 2 metals?

  • rQ6s~msa_3

  • TTvG-N2-_4

  • -QiaPNG9_5

  • UerdJmOf_6

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81 mark

Which statement is not correct?

  • Beryllium will not react with cold water

  • Strontium has a larger atomic radius than calcium

  • Barium chloride does not dissolve in cold water

  • Radium is violently reactive with water

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91 mark

Magnesium can react with water.

With cold water, bubbles of gas form on the surface of the magnesium ribbon. A white protective layer slowly forms on the surface of the magnesium and stops it reacting.

What is the correct equation for the reaction of magnesium with water vapour?

  • Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + H2O (g) → MgO (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + H2O (l) → MgO (s) + H2 (g)

  • Mg (s) + H2O (g) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

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101 mark

Barium chloride solution was acidified with nitric acid. The acidified barium chloride solution was added to a solution of magnesium sulfate. When no more precipitate formed, the mixture was filtered.

Where is each ion after filtration of the completed reaction?

 

Mg2+

Ba2+

Cl-

NO3-

SO42-

A

Filtrate

Residue

Filtrate

Filtrate

Residue

B

Residue

Filtrate

Residue

Filtrate

Filtrate

C

Filtrate

Residue

Filtrate

Residue

Filtrate

D

Residue

Filtrate

Residue

Filtrate

Residue

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11 mark

In agriculture, lime can be added to damp soil to change the pH.

An ammonium sulfate fertiliser can then be added to the soil, which will result in a chemical reaction.

Which substances are formed in this reaction?

 

Sulfuric acid

Calcium sulfate

Ammonia

A

✔

✔

✔

B

✔

 

✔

C

✔

✔

 

D

 

✔

✔

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21 mark

Which one of the following statements is true as you move down Group 2?

  • The first ionisation energy increases

  • The atomic radius increases

  • The solubility of the Group 2 hydroxides decreases

  • The solubility of the Group 2 sulfates increases

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31 mark

Which Group 2 metal is used to produce titanium by the reduction of titanium (IV) chloride, TiCl4?

  • Magnesium

  • Calcium

  • Strontium

  • Barium

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41 mark

Which statement is not correct?

  • Barium has a lower first ionisation energy than strontium

  • Strontium reacts less violently with water than calcium

  • Calcium has a larger atomic radius than magnesium

  • Magnesium hydroxide is less soluble in water than barium hydroxide

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51 mark

A laboratory technician discovered an unlabelled bottle containing a pure white solid.

After dissolving the solid in water, tests were completed on the unknown solid and it was identified as barium chloride.

What are the correct observations for the chemical reactions of the barium chloride solution?

 

Added to HCl (aq)

Added to H2SO4 (aq)

Added to AgNO3 (aq)

A

White precipitate forms

Colourless solution forms

Colourless solution forms

B

No visible change

White precipitate forms

Colourless solution forms

C

White precipitate forms

Colourless solution forms

White precipitate forms

D

No visible change

White precipitate forms

White precipitate forms

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61 mark

Which statement about the general trend in melting points for the Group 2 metals is correct?

  • The melting point increases as you move down Group 2 because there are more delocalised electrons in the metallic structure

  • The melting point decreases as you move down Group 2 because the force of attraction between the layers of positive ions and delocalised electrons is less

  • The melting point increases as you move down Group 2 because more energy is required to break the metallic bonds

  • The melting point decreases as you move down Group 2 because the van der Waals forces are larger due to larger metal atoms within the structure

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71 mark

The Group 2 oxides all produce alkaline solutions when added to water.

Which Group 2 oxide produces a saturated solution with the highest pH?

  • SrO (aq)

  • MgO (aq)

  • CaO (aq)

  • BaO (aq)

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81 mark

Lime mortar is made by mixing quicklime with water and sand. Over time, lime mortar hardens in air. 

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with both fresh and old lime mortar. Only old lime mortar will produce effervescence

Which reaction shows the change over time for the formation of old lime mortar from fresh lime mortar?

  • CaO + CO2 → CaCO3

  • CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

  • Ca(OH)2 → CaO + H2O

  • Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

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91 mark

Barium chloride solution was added to a solution of calcium sulfate until no more precipitate formed. The mixture was filtered.

Which ions are in the filtrate?

 

Ba2+

Ca2+

Cl- 

SO42-

A

✔

  

✔

  

B

  

✔

  

✔

C

✔

    

✔

D

  

✔

✔

  

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101 mark

Which is the correct use of a Group 2 compound?

  • MgO is commonly used in agriculture to reduce soil acidity 

  • Ca(OH)2 is used as an indigestion remedy

  • SrCO3 is used in fireworks and flares

  • BaCl2 is used as barium meals in medicine

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