AQA A Level Biology

Revision Notes

8.3.3 Non-Coding DNA & Regulatory Genes

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Non-Coding DNA & Regulatory Genes

  • It can be highly difficult to translate the genome of complex organisms into their proteome
  • Determining the proteome of humans is difficult as large amounts of non-coding DNA are present in human genomes
    • It can be very hard to identify these sections of DNA from the coding DNA

  • The presence of regulatory genes and the process of alternative splicing in human genomes also affects gene expression and the synthesis of proteins
  • The proteome is larger than the genome due to:
    • Alternative splicing
    • Post-translational modification of proteins (often takes place in the Golgi apparatus)

Alternative Splicing, downloadable AS & A Level Biology revision notes

Alternative splicing allows for a single gene to produce multiple proteins

Genome and Proteome, downloadable AS & A Level Biology revision notes

The proteome is larger than the genome

Exam Tip

You are expected to know the definitions of genome and proteome for the exam.

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Author: Lára

Lára graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has now been a science tutor working in the UK for several years. Lára has a particular interest in the area of infectious disease and epidemiology, and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop confidence and facilitate learning.